zipinfo in CTF: How to Analyze ZIP Files and Common Challenge Patterns


What Is zipinfo?

zipinfo is a command-line utility used to display detailed information about the contents of ZIP archives without extracting them.
In CTF challenges, ZIP files often hide flags or contain password-protected content. zipinfo allows you to quickly inspect:

  • File names and directory structure
  • File sizes and compression methods
  • Modification dates
  • Encrypted files

It’s a quick first step to understand what’s inside a ZIP archive before attempting extraction.


Basic Usage

zipinfo file.zip

Example output:

-rw-r--r--  2.0 unx     1234 tx defN 20-Nov-2025 10:00 file1.txt
-rw-r--r--  2.0 unx      987 tx defN 20-Nov-2025 10:01 file2.txt
-rw-r--r--  2.0 unx     4321 tx defN 20-Nov-2025 10:02 secret_flag.txt

Common Flags for zipinfo

  • -v → verbose output (more details, e.g., compression ratio)
  • -l → list files in a simple format
  • -T → show timestamps

How zipinfo Is Used in CTF Challenges

1. Listing Contents Without Extracting

Check what’s inside the ZIP without modifying the archive:

zipinfo challenge.zip
  • Look for suspicious filenames like flag.txt, secret.txt, or hidden folders
  • Check for unusual file extensions or double extensions (flag.txt.pdf)

2. Detecting Encryption

Encrypted files in ZIPs are common in CTFs:

  • zipinfo shows encrypted in the output
  • Indicates that you need a password to extract

3. Checking File Sizes and Compression

Unusually small or large files may hint at hidden content:

  • A 1-byte file could contain a simple flag
  • Compressed files may hide steganographic data

4. Exploring Directory Structure

ZIP archives may have nested directories:

  • Flags often hidden deep inside /hidden/ or /docs/
  • zipinfo helps identify where to focus extraction

5. Integration With Other Tools

zipinfo is often used alongside:

  • unzip -l → list archive contents
  • unzip -P <password> → extract encrypted files
  • binwalk → detect embedded files inside ZIPs
  • strings → extract text from individual files

Example workflow:

zipinfo challenge.zip
unzip -l challenge.zip
strings challenge.zip | grep FLAG

Common Patterns in CTF ZIP Challenges

PatternDescriptionHow zipinfo Helps
Flag in filenameFlag hidden in file namesQuickly list all files
Flag in nested directoriesDeeply hidden filesSee directory structure without extraction
Password-protected ZIPRequires password to openDetect encrypted files
Compressed flagFlag inside compressed fileAnalyze file size and type
Multiple layersZIP inside ZIPIdentify archive types and structure

Recommended Workflow in CTF

  1. List the ZIP contents with zipinfo:
zipinfo challenge.zip
  1. Note suspicious filenames, sizes, or encrypted entries.
  2. Attempt extraction:
unzip challenge.zip
unzip -P <password> challenge.zip
  1. Use additional analysis tools if needed:
  • strings for text
  • binwalk for embedded content
  • zsteg or exiftool for images inside the ZIP

zipinfo is a fast, lightweight first step for inspecting ZIP archives in CTF challenges, helping you find flags, detect encryption, and understand the archive structure before extraction.

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